There is a check list of On-Page SEO please have a look on it for better understanding:
Always start with keyword selection, research and testing
Meta Description tag
ALT tags
H1 tags
URL structure
Internal linking strategy
Content
Keyword density
Site maps, both XML and user facing
Usability and accessibility
Track target keywords
Expect results in 6-12 months
Avoid common on-page SEO mistakes such as:
Duplicate content
URL variants of the same pages
Off-site images and content on-site
Duplicate title tags
Avoid spammy SEO tactics such as:
Hidden text
Hidden links
Keyword repetition
Doorway pages
Mirror pages
Cloaking
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